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Karl Mauss
Dr. med. dent. Karl Mauss〔In German a Doctor of Medical Dentistry is abbreviated as Dr. med. dent. (''Doctor medicinae dentariae'').〕 (17 May 1898 – 9 February 1959) was one of the most distinguished tank commanders of the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was a lieutenant general and commander of the 7th Panzer Division, and one of only 27 ever to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten)). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade the Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.
==Early career==
Karl Mauss was born on 17 May 1898 in Plön in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. He was the first child of Karl Mauss and his wife Minna, née Lohoff. He had a younger sister Anneliese and brother Wilhelm. In 1914, at only sixteen years of age he volunteered to serve during World War I.〔Fraschka 1994, p. 325.〕 Thanks to his obstinacy and the support of his father, he was accepted and joined Jägerregiment 162, serving during the war at Arras, La Bassee, Flanders, Somme and Isonzo. In 1915, barely seventeen as the youngest man in the division, he was awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class for distinguishing himself as the best scout in the region during the Battle of the Somme.〔Fraschka 1994, p. 326.〕 The year after, he was promoted to 2nd lieutenant (becoming one of the youngest commissioned officers of the entire army) and, a short time later after the transfer of his division to the East into the Carpathians, received the Iron Cross, 1st class.
Following World War I Mauss joined the Freikorps Oberland and Marinebrigade Ehrhardt and fought in the Silesian Uprisings. He stayed in military service until 1922. He then moved to Hamburg to study dentistry at the University of Hamburg, and attained his doctorate on 1 March 1929. He then opened a dental surgery in Lübeck. While at university he was an active member of the ''Burschenschaft Germania'' in Hamburg. Apparently, civilian life did not suit him, so he re-enlisted as a captain in 1934, serving with Infanterieregiments 69 in Hamburg. He was promoted to ''Major'' on 1 April 1938.
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